Materi BAB 3 dalam buku Belajar Statistika dengan R

Doing ANOVA and Chi-Squared tests.

This budget analytics study highlights key operational shifts across a 16-year municipal spending lifecycle. While traditional essential services—Public Works, Recreation, and Parks—continue to absorb over a third of the overall budget, the city's strategic focus has increasingly shifted toward social infrastructure, public safety, and mobility (Animal Control, Education, and Transportation). The presence of clear contraction cycles in 2008, 2014, and 2019, followed by strong rebounds, underscores the value of longitudinal exploratory data analysis for informing future capital planning and municipal resource allocation.