The solid blue line represents the observed eigenvalues for the 13 items of the Arabic JoMO scale extracted using Maximum Likelihood estimation. The dashed red line represents the 95th percentile of simulated eigenvalues derived from parallel analysis (100 iterations). The massive initial eigenvalue (5.02) followed by a sharp "elbow" drop strongly supports the unidimensionality of the scale. The dotted horizontal line represents the traditional Kaiser criterion (eigenvalue = 1).