Práctica 1 ENBIARE con los ajustes sugeridos elaborados

This analysis examines the impact of AI adoption in enterprises on employment rates and economic performance in European Union (EU) countries, recognizing the significant implications of AI for economic structures and employment dynamics. The primary objective is to understand how higher AI adoption in enterprises in EU countries affects the employment rate of people aged 20–64, assuming that AI technologies complement human labour and create new employment opportunities. A secondary objective is to investigate whether this relationship exhibits gender-specific effects, hypothesizing a stronger positive impact on female employment rates compared to male. The research addresses the urgent economic problem of managing the disruptive consequences of AI while harnessing its benefits, especially given the uncertainty surrounding its full impact and transitional challenges. The methodology employs a general-to-specific modelling approach using a panel dataset covering the 27 EU countries from 2021–2024. Regarding the main hypothesis (H1), the analysis established a robust modelling framework for assessing AI’s impact on overall employment, consistently identifying panel and random effects. For the secondary hypothesis (H2), the results are mixed and very nuanced, indicating a complex and sector-specific relationship between AI adoption and gender-specific employment rates. While some sectors, such as water supply, sewerage, waste management, and information and communication showed a stronger positive and statistically significant effect of AI adoption on female employment rates, supporting H2, other sectors contradicted this. Specifically, the AI hiring index, manufacturing, and professional, scientific and technical activities showed a negative effect, which was stronger for female employment. These results underline the need for targeted policies that address gender-specific challenges and employment opportunities arising from the adoption of AI across sectors.

Taller 2 Analitica

Research Question 1